Today's Buzz!

[Keeper]

January 3rd 2024, 9C, overcast, cold and damp but calm day, bees staying inside.

Quick visits were required to the out apiaries over the last couple of weeks due to wild weather and very strong gales. Thankfully all in colonies in tact, although wind damage to surrounding trees was evident, falling branches blocking the track but just missing the hives.

Taking advantage of a break in the weather today to apply the first sublimation of Oxalic Acid. A quiet and gentle approach was required so as not to disturb the bees before inserting the heating wand, this ensures maximum effect of the vapour on phoretic mites. 3 minute heating of 2 - 2.5gms OA crystals, then leaving for a further 10 - 15 minutes before removing the wand and allowing bees out.



Two garden hives being treated, two wands in use, one heating while the other is set up. Allows the first to be left to cool in place while keeping the bees in for maximum effect while the second is heating. The bungee on the heating wand and attached to the brick on the roof, is under gentle pressure to keep the wand in place, the hive sealed, and the heating tip down from the underside of the wooden frames.

Once the wand is removed, bees invariably come out to investigate the intrusion. Bees that appeared from one hive were fresh drones, not at all what was expected, and probably means the queen has run out of sperm, or worse. Disappointing but not entirely a surprise as many of the nucs and splits created during the season didn't take, or produce laying queens. This was down largely to atrocious weather over extended periods meaning poor or no mating. Not much can be done for this particular colony at this stage, we will just have to see what happens to it over the next weeks.

[Keeper]

2nd December inspection - temperatures have dropped down closer to seasonal levels, which is a relief as the bees have been consuming their stores at quite a pace. Checking the hives through the glass quilts revealed most were down in the brood chamber, although a couple of the strongest colonies were up and very active on the fondant.

A quick check of the varroa boards showed that there is still significant amounts of brood being produced in all hives . If the temperatures remain low, brood production should slow down which will aid the efficacy of Oxalic Acid treatments at the end of the month.

With as little disturbance as possible the quilts were slid aside and empty feeder tubs quickly replaced in the ekes. Only the strongest colony bees came out, and like opening a hive in the dark (never recommended!), on this cold day the bees tended to cling and crawl rather then fly. After taking the gloves were off a painful sting on the thumb from one that had made it's way into my warm trouser pocket reminded me of that!

[Keeper]

Thursday 16th was cold and damp (6C) as we checked the bees through the glass quilts in the first reasonable weather following days and days of rain. They were mostly down in the brood box but had been consuming fondant stores in the ekes, which were quickly replaced with minimum disturbance.

Today Sunday 19th the temperature is up at an unseasonal 13C and the bees are active again, out flying and bringing in pollen, lots of it.



A quick look at one of the varroa boards showed capping debris under 4 frames, meaning there is still a reasonable amount of brood on the go. At warmer temperatures they will remain active and will keep consuming stores quickly with out bringing nectar. Until the temperatures drop to 5C and below it'll be necessary to check on stores levels fortnightly.

[Keeper]

Sharp eyed visitors to 'My Beekeeping Kit' will have noticed a change in the appearance of the web site. It has undergone a major upgrade to ensure the functionality and look of the site whether you are viewing on a pc, laptop, tablet, mobile phone or other device. The upgrade was carried out as a seamless transition and is now complete. If there are any glitches please let me know.
Iain D

[Keeper]

After Babet finally passed the temperature today is down at 6C, the leaves have turned to hues of gold, and it felt like a damp autumn day as we checked colony stores levels. This should only have required lifting the roofs for a quick look through the glass crown boards. The bees were mostly down, but had consumed more than was be expected at this point, probably due to the uncanny weather keeping them active when there is no nectar to gather, so empty fondant feeders were quickly changed for full ones. The bees were relatively passive and we carried this out with as little disturbance as possible. It takes quite a considerable time for a disturbed cluster to reform and valuable winter bees may be lost in those circumstances.

We are past the point of no return for any form of brood chamber inspections now. After this the only disturbance will be on a favourable day to check and replenish stores, so fully prepared the hives for winter. Joints between ekes and brood boxes were duct taped, as were the Porter escapes in the crown boards apertures, in order to create a draught proof environment in which the colony can cluster safely over the winter. Hive entrances are closed to their minimum, and varroa boards propped up at the back with a chunk of sponge to close the gap. Icy draughts from winter winds can quickly chill and kill off the outer cluster bees until there are insufficient left to maintain the core temperature required.

[Keeper]

A cold and foggy start today as we started configuring the colonies for winter.

By lunchtime the sun had appeared and pollen was going into all hives, orange from ivy and a light yellow from an unidentified source, which made the bees less grumpy considering the cold and damp. All autumn varroa treatments are complete and the remaining supers (now mostly empty) are off and fondant feeders in place in the ekes. Glass crown boards allow easy inspection of feeders and frame tops.

[Keeper]

Despite the sun and 17C the bees were pretty defensive today as we checked autumn varroa treatments applied after removing the last of the honey crop. The strongest colonies showed the heaviest varroa drop over first 24hrs. All honey to come off was removed before treatments began 2 weeks past. Honey left as stores now supplemented with wet supers following extraction, then it'll be ekes and fondant feeders.

Varroa treatments carried out are varied across the apiaries - flumethrin strips, thymol gel, formic acid vapour, to ensure the winter bees are in the best health. Oxalic Acid sublimation to follow during the winter lowest brood period to ensure lowest possible load at onset of spring.

[Keeper]

This week another NBU notification of more AFB and EFB nearby, it makes me nervous that it will make the jump to our colonies sooner or later.
I have it on good authority that following testing they are confirmed as Scottish strains of the diseases, and have not been brought in from abroad. That's good and bad news. Good, because folks by and large are complying with recommendations and advice, and no one is importing the diseases. And bad, because it means that the diseases may be lurking in someone's apiary, someone who is unaware of the tell tale signs, and who doesn't realise that they are maintaining the source of these outbreaks. It is costly to everyone else and can mean the destruction of colonies and hives, not to mention further spread.
Registering on BeeBase is an absolute must for any and everyone who keeps bees, even if it is just one colony. Registering is a simple process, there are no pre-requisits, you don't have to be a member of an association, and public anonymity is observed. In truth there is little to lose by registering, and much to gain, including access to disease recognition advice and guidance.
I'm assured we won't be inspected again this year, but it still makes me nervous!

[Keeper]

Too good to be true! We have been foul brood free in our area for the last couple of years, and we were hoping we had seen the last of it. But as I suspected when I read the NBU report on East Lothian it was soon also found further afield, and within 3k of one of our apiaries. A couple of days notice was all that was given before inspectors were onsite checking our colonies, all were clear thankfully.

Wasps and more wasps! All clear of foul brood but a couple of the colonies were being (have been) massacred by wasps. Never seen so many in the apiary, maybe down the unusual weather. Even the traps were overwhelmed! When they target a hive they are relentless. Two less colonies!

[Keeper]

Two colonies moved to the heather which is just starting to bloom on the north facing Pentland Hills. Ratchet strapped the hives securely onto low stands in a sheltered location behind stock fencing and facing the heather should ensure they have the best opportunity to forage on the heather. They didn't enjoy the bumpy journey to the hillside apiary and showed their displeasure when the hives were opened! We'll give them a few days to settle then add fresh honey supers.
Very concerning reports that AFB and EFB were discovered by SG Bee Inspectors in an area that has not seen outbreaks in recent years. How's that happening then?

"The following is a notice issued by the Scottish Government Bee Health Team for beekeepers across Scotland.

We are contacting you to inform you of an outbreak of both American Foulbrood (AFB) and European Foulbrood (EFB) in the Haddington area of East Lothian. This is the first outbreak of AFB and EFB detected in this area in recent years.

This outbreak concerns a number of hives and was discovered by Scottish Government bee inspectors during the delivery of their honey bee health inspection programme, with the diseases being confirmed by SASA on the 26th July 2023.

The beekeeper concerned has been informed of the official confirmation of both diseases. They are fully cooperating with the Scottish Government bee health inspectors. The colonies infected with AFB will be humanely euthanised as there is no permitted treatment for the disease in the UK.

Restrictions are in place in the apiaries. We are working with the beekeeper to identify the possible origin of this outbreak as well as any possible spread of disease.

Registered beekeepers within 3 km from the infected apiaries will also be alerted of this outbreak via BeeBase and our bee health inspectors will continue to deliver disease surveillance inspections in these areas.

22 AFB infected colonies have now been found in nine different apiaries, belonging to four different beekeepers in Scotland this year.

119 infected EFB colonies have been found in 71 different apiaries, belonging to 15 different beekeepers in Scotland this year.

Disease trends are publicly available on ‘BeeBase’ (APHA’s National Bee Unit website).

What does this mean?

This is an informative announcement to raise awareness of key points. There are no subsequent restrictions in the area as a result of this finding other than those in place for the infected apiary.

Next Steps

Please can beekeepers also be reminded of the need to acquaint themselves with the symptoms of foulbrood diseases and how to carry out a full foulbrood inspection. Foulbrood inspections should be carried out at least once a year, but we encourage more regular inspections in the areas where disease has been confirmed.

If there is any suspicion of AFB, or European Foulbrood (EFB), there is a legal requirement to notify the Scottish Government Bee Inspectorate.

Strict bio-security is the best prevention to avoid infection, especially for beekeepers who are located within the outbreak area. Swarms of unknown origins should be isolated in a quarantine apiary and inspected for signs of disease before they are brought into contact with other colonies.

Extreme care should be taken with old and second-hand equipment. Such equipment should be thoroughly cleansed and sterilised before re-utilising. In our experience, old infected equipment is the main source of spread of AFB.

In addition, we would like to emphasise the importance of registering and keeping the locations of apiaries up to date in BeeBase. This will allow the Scottish Government Bee Health Team to assess if there has been a risk of disease spreading to their bees. This is all the more important for those beekeepers who find themselves within the area where the outbreak has been confirmed.

Free registration to BeeBase is available at the National Bee Unit website. Registration on BeeBase also ensures that other beekeepers in an area are automatically alerted to disease outbreaks".